**This episode is also viewable as a video on www.breakingdownpatriarchy.com under the "episodes" heading, and on YouTube on the Breaking Down Patriarchy channel.Welcome to BDP! I’m AMA, and today we are doing a very special episode, summarizing all the works we read this year and sharing thoughts and lessons learned as well as answering some FAQ’s. And my guest today is fan-favorite, Erik Allebest! Welcome back to BDP, Erik! Another cool thing is that for the first time, we’re recording video as well as audio. So if you want to see us as well as hear us, you can watch this video on our website or on YouTube.I want to start this episode at the very beginning - the very first words I spoke on the podcast were from Gerda Lerner’s The Creation of Patriarchy, where she says “Men and women live on stage. Now that I know more about gender, I would rephrase that to say “all human beings live on a stage.” She describes how all of us are up there performing, doing our best to read the scripts we’re supposed to be reading, some have big parts, some small… but in this play, the writer of the scripts, the directors, the people who built the set and produced the whole thing are all men. So even if I, as a woman, get assigned a bigger role, that might placate me because I get more power in the play, but as long as the role has been given to me by directors who are all men (and who choose to keep women out), the power balance hasn’t changed at all.The rest of The Creation of Patriarchy, and the entire podcast, has been a study to try to figure out how it got to be this way, and I want to start with something that we haven’t been able to do yet: an actual historical timeline!Timeline:Highlight Catal HayukFrom a recent BBC article that I read just today:“An examination of male and female skeletons show that both sexes ate the same diet, performed the same work, and spent the same amount of time outdoors. In life, they inhabited the same physical space; in death they were given the same kind of burials. There is no evidence for either a patriarchal or matriarchal system. In Catalhöyük a woman’s biology was not her fate.People have long accepted that political power is man-made rather than god-given. But it’s been different for female inequality. History, religion, science, everything in fact, has seemed to condemn feminism for being against the natural order. Thanks to Catalhöyük, we can say with confidence that there is nothing natural about patriarchy or matriarchy. Society can take many forms and shapes. Sex is genetic, but gender is cultural.”This highlights a debate between sociologists: is patriarchy “natural” and “inevitable” or is it NOT natural, and we could have just as easily have gone in a different direction? The fact that all societies all over the world, for all time have been at least in some degree patriarchal seems to be an argument that there is a natural element to it. But if there were thousands and thousands of years of non-patriarchy, then it shows that it’s not natural, not inevitable.(Quiz: When did early humans leave Africa? 2 million years ago.When did the first humans arrive in Australia? 60,000 years agoArrive in the Americas? 30,000 years agoSo… long time. But does it even matter if it’s “natural”? Lots of terrible things happen all throughout human societies, so they are thus “natural” too. Just because people everywhere have murdered and tortured and enslaved other people, does that mean we say “oh well! I guess we lean into violence because it’s natural.”?My argument would be no. So let’s dive into the books:The Chalice and the Blade, Riane Eisler, 1987 - Malia MorrisEvidence of multiple matrifocal, matrilocal societies. Symbols of goddesses, priestesses, evidence of egalitarianism and peace. These were Partnership cultures. They all existed prior to written records, so archaeologists and cultural anthropologists are making informed guesses about what the evidence means. Which is why it’s so important to have women archaeologists and cultural anthropologists!!Then came the Dominator cultures. War, death, reflected in their mythology: the powerful goddesses lost their status and became wives or consorts of male gods. And the Partnership vs. Dominator model is a really useful tool of analysis to apply to power dynamics between humans, even today.-----The Creation of Patriarchy, Gerda Lerner. 1986 (Part 1) - Sherrie CrawfordThe metaphor of the stageMen have always written down “history,” and claimed universality for that history. But it has until that last nanosecond of history, totally excluded women’s lives.In addition to writing history, men have created the “symbol systems,” like philosophy and religion. (This is what happened and this is what it means.)Men have created the laws. The Code of Hammurabi and The Middle Assyrian Laws were some of the first records on Earth, and they are male-centered and so violently misogynisticShow on timelineRead quotes**Many men and women have suffered exclusion and discrimination because of their class. No man has been excluded from the historical record because of his sex, yet all women were. (This has broad application and is a good arrow to have in our quiver when people say “men experience this too.”)***IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT WHEN WE SPEAK OF RELATIVE IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN A GIVEN SOCIETY, THIS FREQUENTLY MEANS ONLY THAT WE ARE SEEING IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DEGREE IN WHICH THEIR SITUATION AFFORDS THEM OPPORTUNITIES TO EXERT SOME LEVERAGE WITHIN THE SYSTEM OF PATRIARCHY. (the stage again)“The system of patriarchy is a historic construct; it has a beginning; it will have an end.”-----The Gospel of Mary - Dr. Kayleen AsboThe road not taken:A woman was truly an apostle to the apostles, there’s a record of it, it could have been in our Bible. But a group of all men decided it didn’t suit the hierarchical structure of the church, so they left it out.Includes a record of Peter saying to a woman “I don’t believe you.” And Andrew standing up to Peter. This would have been so validating and comforting.The point is to become more anthropos - more fully human.------ Mary, Mother of God - Sophie AllebestTakeaways: in the New Testament, Jesus is a revolutionary figure who breaks all kinds of rules.Mary was seen as the “New Eve” - Yay!! She becomes the Madonna - if real women are supposed to be like Mary, we are screwed! (Or rather, precisely not screwed). Title: Alone of All Her SexAlso it’s just like the quote by Lerner: Mary “affords opportunities to exert some leverage within the system of patriarchy.” Her power is 100% determined by whatever pope is determining the symbol systems - in history you see her power grow and shrink according to what the men say about her. There’s a book out right now: The Making of Biblical Womanhood: How the Subjugation of Women Became Gospel Truth------The Creation of Feminist Consciousness, Gerda Lerner, 1993. - Janette Canare“Men develop ideas and systems of explanation by absorbing past knowledge and critiquing and superseding it. Women, ignorant of their own history, did not know what women before them had thought and taught. So, generation after generation, they struggled for insights others had already had before them. I illustrate this by surveying women’s bible criticism over a period of one thousand years and show the endless repetition of effort, the constant reinventing of the wheel.”I gained information, knowledge, and a whole community of women role models and fellow seekers throughout time.---------Declaration on the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen, Olympe de Gouges (1791) - Lindsay AllebestAbigail Adams in the US said “We will not be will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation.”Olympe de Gouges saw her country’s “Declaration of the Rights of Man” and immediately said “NOT GOOD ENOUGH. TRY AGAIN.” “Women, wake up!!!”-----A Vindication of the Rights of Women, Mary Wollstonecraft (1792) (Part 1) - Dr. Meagan Alder“Here I throw down my gauntlet, and deny the existence of sexual virtues, not excepting modesty.”“It cannot be demonstrated that woman is essentially inferior to man, because she has always been subjugated.”“Taught from infancy that beauty is woman’s sceptre, the mind shapes itself to the body, and roaming round its gilt cage, only seeks to adorn its prison. Men have various employments and pursuits which engage their attention, and give character to the opening mind; but women, confined to one, and having their thoughts constantly directed to the most insignificant part of themselves, seldom extend their views.”her reason… is employed rather to burnish than to snap her...